算盘的历史 算盘的历史英语翻译

算盘的历史英语翻译

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1.雨伞,望远镜,算盘的历史英语介绍

雨伞In written records, the oldest reference to a collapsible umbrella dates to the year 21 A.D., when Wang Mang had one designed for a ceremonial four-wheeled carriage. Although sun shades were used by the Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans, their umbrellas and parasols did not feature mechanical sliding levers that would make them collapsible. The 2nd century mentator Fu Qian added that this collapsible umbrella of Wang Mang"s carriage had bendable joints which enabled them to be extended or retracted. A 1st century collapsible umbrella has since been recovered from the tomb of Wang Guang at the Korean site of the Lelang mandery, illustrated in a work by Harada and Komai. However, the collapsible umbrella is perhaps a concept that is yet centuries older than Qin"s tomb. Zhou Dynasty bronze castings of plex bronze socketed hinges with locking slides and bolts—which could have been used for parasols and umbrellas— were found in an archeological site of Luoyang, dated to the 6th century BCE.An even older source on the umbrella is perhaps the ancient book of ceremonies, called Zhou Li , dating 2400 years ago, which directs that upon the imperial cars the dais should be placed. The figure of this dais contained in Zhou-Li, and the description of it given in the explanatory mentary of Lin-hi-ye, both identify it with an umbrella. The latter describes the dais to be posed of 28 arcs, which are equivalent to the ribs of the modern instrument, and the staff supporting the covering to consist of two parts, the upper being a rod 3/18 of a foot in circumference, and the lower a tube 6/10 in circumference, into which the upper half is capable of sliding and closing.The character for umbrella is 伞 and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was first created by tying large leaves to bough-like ribs . Others assert that the idea was probably derived from the tent, which remains in form unaltered to the present day. However, the tradition existing in China is that it originated in standards and banners waving in the air, hence the use of the umbrella was often linked to high ranking . On one occasion at least, twenty-four umbrellas were carried before the Emperor when he went out hunting. In this case the umbrella served as a defense against rain rather than sun. The design was later brought to Japan via Korea and also introduced to Persia and the Western world via the Silk Road. The and Japanese traditional parasol, often used near temples, to this day remains similar to the original ancient design.A late Song Dynasty divination book that was printed in about 1270 CE features a picture of a collapsible umbrella that is exactly like the modern umbrella of today"s China.望远镜The earliest evidence of working telescopes were the refracting telescopes that appeared in the Netherlands in 1608. Their development is credited to three individuals: Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen, who were spectacle makers in Middelburg, and Jacob Metius of Alkmaar. Galileo greatly improved upon these designs the following year. Niccolò Zucchi is credited with constructing the first reflecting telescope in 1616. In 1668, Isaac Newton designed an improved reflecting telescope that bears his name, the Newtonian reflector.The invention of the achromatic lens in 1733 partially corrected color aberrations present in the simple lens and enabled the construction of shorter, more functional refracting telescopes. Reflecting telescopes, though not limited by the color problems seen in refractors, were hampered by the use of fast tarnishing speculum metal mirrors employed during the 18th and early 19th century—a problem alleviated by the introduction of silver coated glass mirrors in 1857, and aluminized mirrors in 1932. The maximum physical size limit for refracting telescopes is about 1 meter , dictating that the vast majority of large optical researching telescopes built since the turn of the 20th century have been reflectors. The largest reflecting telescopes currently have objectives larger then 10 m .The 20th century also saw the development of telescopes that worked in a wide range of wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. The first purpose built radio telescope went into operation in 1937. Since then, a tremendous variety of plex astronomical instruments have been developed。

2.求篇关于算盘的英语作文

算盘

Abacus was invented by ----Confucius. It has a long history. Now, let me tell you about how abacus was invented.

Confucius was a citizen of LU. One day, the king wanted him to take care of the finance of Lu. Confucius was not good at this point. For this reason mistakes took place repeatedly. Afterwards, his wife taught him a way to solve this matter by making knots on a cord. That is to say when money es in you tie a knot, when money goes out you undo a knot. After that, Confucius developed it into balls on poles with a frame around and the ancient abacus came into being at that moment.

From then on, the whole world started using it for calculation. And it is used by many people even now. There are also some people who collect old abacus because abacus has a long history and is very famous in the world.

3.用英语哦,介绍一下算盘的来历和用途

An abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily by Asians for performing arithmetic processes. Nowadays, abaci are often constructed as a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beads or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal. The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants and clerks in China, Japan, Africa, India and elsewhere.

The user of an abacus is called an abacist; he or she slides the beads of the abacus by hand.

4.介绍算盘

An abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily by Asians for performing arithmetic processes. Nowadays, abaci are often constructed as a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beads or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal. The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants and clerks in China, Japan, Africa, India and elsewhere.

The user of an abacus is called an abacist; he or she slides the beads of the abacus by hand.